James Cook - A Journal of the proceedings of His Majesty's Bark Endeavour on a voyage round the world, by Lieutenant James Cook, Commander, commencing the 25th of May 1768 - 23 Oct. 1770: No. 110

       Of Georges Island, Manners & Customs ___________

one side neatly inclosed with low pallisades etc ------------
    Their Canoes or [indecipherable] are built aft of them very narrow & some of the largest are 60 or 70 feet long   these consist of several peices   the bottom is round and made of large logs hollow'd out to the thickness of about 3 Inches & may consist of 3 or 4 peices   the sides are of plank of nearly the same thickness & are built nearly perpendicular rounding in a little towards the Gunwall the peices on which they are built are well fitted and fastned or sewn together with strong platting something in the same manner as old China's Wooden Bowls etc. are mended   the greatest breadth is at the afterpart which is generally about 18 or 20 Inches & the fore part about 1/3 narrower, the heigth from the bottom of the Gunwall seldom exceeds  21/2 or 3 feet, they build them with high curv'd Sterns which are generally ornamented with carved work the head or fore part curves little or nothing.  The smaller Canoes are built after the same plan some out of one, 2 or more trees according to their size or the use they are for in order to prevent them from oversetting when in the Water, all those that go single both great & small have what is called Outriggers which are peices of wood fastened to the Gunwall & project out on one side about 6: 8 or 10 feet but according to the size of the Boat [indecipherable] is fastned in a parrellel direction to the Canoe, a long logg of wood simply or some have it Shaped into the form of a small Boat but this is not common, this lays in the Water & Ballances the Boat   those that are for sailing have Outriggers only on the other side abreast of the Mast  these serves to fasten the Shrouds to [indecipherable] of use in turning the Boat when it blows fresh, the sailing [proes?] have some one & some 2 Masts, the sails are of Matting & are made narrow at the head & Square at the foot something like a Shoulder of Mutton Sails as are generally used in Man of War Barges etc ----
     I have mentioned above that the single Canoes have Outriggers for those that go double that is 2 together which is very common have no need of any & it is done in this manner 2 Canoes are placed in a parralled direction to each other about 3 or 4 feet asunder securing them together by small logs of wood laid across & locked to each of their Gunwales thus the one boat supports the other & are not in the least danger of oversetting & I believe that it is in this manner that all their large [indecipherable] are used some of which will carry a great number of Men by means of a platform made of Bamboos or other light wood & the whole length of the Proes & considerably but I never saw but one fitted in this manner upon the whole Island, upon the Forepart of these larger double Proes was placed an Oblong Platform about 10 or 12 feet in length & 6 or 8 in Breadth & supported about 4 feet above the Gunwale by stout Carved Pillars the use of these platforms we were told are for the Club Men to stand & fight upon in time of Battle for the large Canoes from what I could learn are built most if not wholly for war & their method of fighting is to Graple one another & fight it out with Clubs spears & stones. I never saw but one of these sort of Canoes in the Water the rest was all hauled ashore & found to be going to decay neither were there very many of them upon the Island.   The Chiefs & better sort of people generally go from one place of the Island to another in small double Canoes which carry a little moveable House; this not only screens them from the Sun by day but serves them to Sleep in the Night.