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[Page 40]
as required. Snuff is made by grinding leaf between stone or drying it in sun or under a sheet of tin with aloe roots burnt on top. Leaf is crumpled by hand till only stalk is left & then aloe ash is added.
Reaping commences about May or June.
Dress men wear "umtya" & loin cloth of animal skins sometimes sometimes a light blanket is worn over shoulder. Women same. Bead are added. Children also absolutely stark. Baby girls however have the umtya. At 4 or 5 years of age children get a blanket.
The cultivation of hair has been explained before. Kraal owner of about 45 years often wear a tuft of feather or a head ring (isicoco). A bride has a head ring of beads (white) which she wears for 3 years after marriage. After marriage Wedding dress consists in its absence & rows of beads on head & neck, an armlet, a waist belt and a square patch of cloth in front and rear open to hip at each side. Children are very free & love their home. Girls nurse babies & youngsters tend herds. Older boys make younger wait on them & perform any drudgery until umnumzana finds out & then trouble.
Govt. Each tribe is under a Chief (who is responsible to the local Magistrate) He is assisted by ^privy councillor or indunas who report any happening to Chief Tribes are divided into Clans with a clan name (isibongo) like Clan Stewart. The Locations are divided into a number of wards each under an "isibonda" Young men are subject to umnumzana who is responsible to the "isibonda" who reports to the "induna" who lay matter before Chief. Heir as chief is selected eldest son of principal wife being usually chosen. As principal wife is usually chosen late in life eldest son rarely inherits.
Arts wood & bone carving is good. Women indulge in pottery & make water urns, beer pots, drinking cups. Material is worked up in soft mass. Then shaped, dried in sun & baked by placing in pole in ground & wood heaped over it & burnt. Grass Weaving for mats, beer strainers, baskets & palm leaf plaiting. Men sometimes do this